Recent strategies to improve the electroactivity of metal–organic frameworks for advanced electrocatalysis

Abstract Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials in the realm of electrocatalysis due to their high surface area, tunable porosity, and versatile chemical functionality. However, their practical application has been hampered by inherent limitations such as low electrical conductivity and a limited number of active metal sites. Researchers addressed these challenges through various strategies, including enhancing conductivity by incorporating conductive materials and metal nanoparticles, modifying the structure and composition of MOFs by replacing metal nodes and functionalizing linkers, and preparing MOFs catalysts through thermal processes such as decarburization and conversion into metal oxides, phosphides (MPs), and sulfides (MSs). This review provided a comprehensive summary of the strategies that were employed to enhance the electroactivity of MOFs for improved electrocatalytic performance in recent years. It also explored future directions and potential innovations in the design and synthesis of MOF‐based electrocatalysts, offering valuable insights for advancing their application in sustainable energy technologies.