Atomic resolution liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy investigations of the dynamics of nanoparticles in ultrathin liquids

We proposed a highly reproducible method that enables atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy investigations of the dynamics of nanoparticles in liquids. An ultrathin liquid layer was established as a result of formation of bubbles that was initiated and tuned by beam radiation. The migration, aggregation and rotation of palladium nanoparticles were observed.