Effectiveness of Yoga Training on the Health-related Physical Fitness and Balance in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Background: Children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience motor difficulties that result in reduced chances for engaging in physical activities and lower levels of fitness. The unique characteristics of yoga can play a substantial role in yielding positive outcomes in terms of physical fitness. Aim: The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of yoga training on the health-related physical fitness and balance of children with ASD. Methods: Twenty-five children with ASD (mean age 10 ± 0.8 years) were included in the study and randomly assigned to two groups: yoga and control. The yoga sessions were conducted three times per week for eight weeks. Results: The findings indicated a significant improvement in upper body muscle strength and endurance (P < 0.01), lower body strength and endurance (P < 0.001), core strength and endurance (P < 0.001), flexibility (P < 0.01), static balance (P < 0.001), and dynamic balance (P < 0.05) following yoga training. However, yoga training did not have a significant effect on body fat and cardiorespiratory endurance. Conclusions: Based on these findings, it is suggested that integrating yoga into the therapeutic approach for children with ASD can improve musculoskeletal fitness and balance, which may have positive effects on their overall physical health and motor development.