Sleep characteristic profiles and the correlation with spectrum of metabolic syndrome among older adult: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a common health problem among older adults. Previous studies have revealed the relationship between sleep duration as well as global sleep status and MetS. Objectives This study aims to examine the association between the specific sleep characteristic and MetS as well as MetS components among community-dwelling old adults. Methods This cross-sectional study included 1499 community residents aged ≥ 60 years. Sleep characteristics were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and bed/rise time of the residents. Logistic regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine the associations between sleep characteristics and MetS as well as MetS components. A generalized additive model was built to assess the smooth relationship between triglyceride (TG) levels and sleep duration. Results Of the 1499 participants, 449 (30.0%) had MetS, and 443 (29.6%) had poor sleep quality. The rise time was found to be associated with MetS (> 6:00 vs. 5:00 ~ 6:00: adjusted OR (95%) = 1.77 (1.17–2.69), P = 0.007). For the MetS components, a U-shaped relationship was first revealed for sleep duration and TG levels (EDF = 1.85, P < 0.001). Furthermore, significant associations also included the associations of subjective sleep quality and daytime dysfunction with hypertension, the associations of sleep efficiency and rise time with hyperglycemia, the associations of rise time with TG levels, and the association of bedtime with waist circumference. Conclusions The different sleep characteristics were associated with different MetS components.