STEM Education in Natural Science Teaching to Secondary School Students: Case Study of Making a pH Measuring Pen in Soil Application of IoT Technology

STEM education helps students learn through practical experiences, linking theory with practice. Natural Science has many practical applications for implementing STEM education. This article presents a 10-step process for designing STEM education topics in Natural Science teaching and applies this process to design the STEM education topic "Making a pH measuring pen in soil using Internet of Things (IoT) technology". With a practical approach to understanding the need to create STEM products, especially exploiting IoT technology, we can connect pH measuring pens with other peripheral devices to increase the applicability of the product. This design process can be applied to design STEM activities according to different contents and topics to improve the quality of teaching Natural Science in secondary schools. This paper presents a case study of integrating STEM education into natural science teaching for secondary school students. The focus is on using IoT technology to create a pH measuring pen for soil analysis. This project aligns with a broader initiative aimed at promoting agricultural automation through STEM-based educational activities. The study aims to enhance students' understanding of science concepts, promote practical skills, and foster innovation. By engaging students in hands-on activities, the project seeks to make learning more engaging and relevant.