Fundamentals of carbon and graphene quantum dots

By and large, carbon and graphene nanomaterials with a size less than 10 nm are called carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs). CQDs/GQDs are two of the most promising carbon-based nanomaterials currently being studied. This is due to their remarkable characteristics, including synthetic dormancy, high water dissolvability, incredible biocompatibility, protection from photobleaching, and different optical predominance, chemical inertness, etc. To achieve the greatest output of these applications of CQDs/GQDs it is important to know the basic fundamentals; hence, this introductory chapter briefly explains the basic fundamentals of CQDs and GQDs.