Toxic blister agents: Chemistry, mode of their action and effective treatment strategies

人体净化 化学战剂 化学试剂 机制(生物学) 生化工程 动作(物理) 风险分析(工程) 业务 废物管理 工程类 量子力学 认识论 物理 哲学
作者
Ashrit Nair,Pooja Yadav,Amanpreet Behl,Rakesh Kumar Sharma,Shweta Kulshrestha,Bhupendra Singh Butola,Navneet Sharma
出处
期刊:Chemico-Biological Interactions [Elsevier]
卷期号:350: 109654-109654 被引量:13
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109654
摘要

Since their use during the First World War, Blister agents have posed a major threat to the individuals and have caused around two million casualties. Major incidents occurred not only due to their use as chemical warfare agents but also because of occupational hazards. Therefore, a clear understanding of these agents and their mode of action is essential to develop effective decontamination and therapeutic strategies. The blister agents have been categorised on the basis of their chemistry and the biological interactions that entail post contamination. These compounds have been known to majorly cause blisters/bullae along with alkylation of the contaminated DNA. However, due to the high toxicity and restricted use, very little research has been conducted and a lot remains to be clearly understood about these compounds. Various decontamination solutions and detection technologies have been developed, which have proven to be effective for their timely mitigation. But a major hurdle seems to be the lack of proper understanding of the toxicological mechanism of action of these compounds. Current review is about the detailed and updated information on physical, chemical and biological aspects of various blister agents. It also illustrates the mechanism of their action, toxicological effects, detection technologies and possible decontamination strategies.
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