Advancing precision medicine in type 2 diabetes

An emerging consensus in the diabetes field postulates that the traditional subclassification of diabetes into type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, monogenic or syndromic diabetes, or diabetes secondary to underlying pancreatic disease is outdated. Global efforts such as the Precision Medicine in Diabetes Initiative1 acknowledge that the current system does not fully capture the underlying pathophysiology that gives rise to various forms of diabetes. Its recent systematic review emphasises that not recognising the multiple molecular pathways that contribute to diabetes pathogenesis hinders disease management and therapeutic development.