Vascularized Liver Tissue Embedded Bioprinting Utilizing GelMA/Nanoclay-based Composite hydrogels

Abstract As the aging population grows, the need to regenerate non-self-repairing tissues becomes increasingly crucial for enhancing our quality of life. Tissue engineering offers a promising solution, particularly in recreating the intricate networks of blood vessels crucial for tissue vitality. These tissues rely on effective nutrient and oxygen circulation, with an optimal oxygen diffusion range of 100–200 µm. Yet, crafting vascularized in vitro tissues remains a significant challenge. This study addresses the challenge by using GelMA-based hydrogels as a photocrosslinkable support bath, a biocompatible and versatile choice for biological applications. To enhance the rheological properties for in vitro tissue engineering, Laponite (LPN) is introduced as a rheology modifier. The study optimizes the GelMA-LPN nanocomposite hydrogel composition, ensuring the desired physical, mechanical, and rheological properties, including recovery. The research also explores the biological implications, encapsulating liver cells within the nanocomposite hydrogel, and studying their behavior under perfusion conditions. This research presents a promising avenue for creating vascularized in vitro tissues, potentially advancing tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.