Advances in polysaccharide-based hydrogels: Self-healing and electrical conductivity

Electrically conductive hydrogels have unique properties that combine mechanical flexibility and electrical conductivity making them a promising material for biomedical and electronic applications. However, the traditional electroactive gels usually lack self-healing attributes limiting their applications. As a result, attention is turning to self-healing conductive gels with outstanding properties for biomedical and electrical applications, such as self-repairing circuits, electronic skin, and ionic skis. Herein, we discuss the preparation, mechanisms, characterization, and attractive applications of electrically active hydrogels having self-healing ability depending on polysaccharides. Firstly, we will describe polysaccharides' chemical/structural composition and chemical modifications employed to improve the self-healing and electrically conductive characteristics of polysaccharide-based hydrogels. Then, we move to the description of prospective applications of these self-healing conductive gels. Also, we conclude with perspectives on recommendations and challenges for future developments.