[Epidemiological analysis of allergic diseases in primary and middle school students of Foshan].

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and state of allergic rhinitis, asthma, eczema, allergic conjunctivitis, and food allergy of students in primary and middle schools of Foshan, and to analyze the characteristics of each disease and correlation of the five diseases, in order to provide epidemiology evidence for management of allergic diseases. Method:Ten primary schools and 10 junior middle schools were sampled from 5 districts of Foshan, then students in grade one and grade seven from sampled schools were investigated by electronic questionnaire method formulated by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood and the Europrevall Project Commission. Students and their parents answered and uploaded electronic questionnaires with the consent of parents, and then team members collected and analyzed uploaded data. Result:Four thousand one hundred and sixty-six effective questionnaires were collected, and the response rate was 95.77％. During the five districts, 13.97%, 2.01%, 29.29%, 5.19%, and 7.28% of the respondents in grade one had previously diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, asthma, eczema, allergic conjunctivitis, and food allergy respectively, and the correspondent rates in grade seven were 15.99%, 2.89%, 16.73%, 2.46%, and 6.97%. The prevalence rates of the five diseases in boys were higher than that in girls in both two grades. 67.27% students with asthma kept coughing and wheezing in the last 12 months, and 24.85% non-asthma students had the same respiratory symptoms. The most common allergenic food were shrimp and crabs, followed by milk and milk products, eggs, and shellfish. Cutaneous symptoms and oral allergy symptoms were predominant clinical manifestations in all students with food allergy. The prevalence of the above allergic diseases of children with atopic family history was higher than that of children without family history, and the prevalence of the 5 diseases of children living in city was higher than that of children living in rural areas. The prevalence rate of asthma of children with allergic rhinitis in both grades was higher than that of children without allergic rhinitis, and the same happened to children with eczema, allergic conjunctivitis, and food allergy. Conclusion:Prevalence rates of allergic rhinitis and asthma in primary and middle school students of Foshan increased as children grew, while the prevalence rates of eczema, allergic conjunctivitis and food allergy decreased with age. The most common allergenic food were shrimp and crabs, milk and milk products, and eggs. 67.27% students with asthma had poor respiratory control in the last 12 months. The prevalence of allergic diseases of children living in city and with atopic family history was higher than that of children living in rural areas and without family history. Students with allergic conjunctivitis, food allergy, allergic rhinitis and eczema had high risk of asthma.目的：调查佛山市中小学生鼻部、呼吸、皮肤、眼部、食物过敏的情况，分析每种变应性疾病的流行病学特点及疾病间相互交叉情况，为学龄儿童变应性疾病的防治和管理提供流行病学依据。 方法：参考国际儿童哮喘和变态反应研究课题组核心调查问卷、Europrevall食物过敏调查方案，采用整群抽样调查方法，对佛山市下辖5个区的10所小学一年级和10所中学初一年级的学生进行问卷调查。采用电子调查表形式，家长知情同意后，手机微信扫描二维码，与孩子共同完成问卷，课题组成员后台收集并统计信息。 结果：回收有效问卷4 166份，有效应答率为95.77%。问卷调查结果显示，佛山市5个区一年级学生变应性鼻炎、哮喘、湿疹、过敏性结膜炎、食物过敏的患病率分别为13.97%、2.01%、29.29%、5.19%、7.28%，初一年级学生相应疾病的患病率分别为15.99%、2.89%、16.73%、2.46%、6.97%，2个年级5种疾病的患病率男生均高于女生；67.27%的哮喘患者过去12个月内仍有喘息、干咳等呼吸道症状，未诊断哮喘的学生中有24.85%近12个月出现以上呼吸道症状；食物过敏的学生主要过敏食物为虾蟹，其次为牛奶和奶制品、鸡蛋、贝壳类，皮肤瘙痒、皮疹和口腔黏膜肿痛为最常见的过敏症状；母亲有变应性疾病的学生发生变应性疾病的患病率均高于母亲无变应性疾病的学生；城市学生5种变应性疾病的患病率均高于农村学生；变应性疾病学生发生哮喘的比例高于无变应性疾病学生。 结论：佛山市中小学生变应性鼻炎、哮喘的患病率随年龄增长而上升，湿疹、过敏性结膜炎、食物过敏的患病率随年龄增长呈现下降趋势；最主要的过敏食物为虾蟹、牛奶及奶制品、鸡蛋；67.27%的哮喘学生近12个月内呼吸道症状控制不佳；母亲患有变应性疾病、居住城市的学生患变应性疾病的风险较母亲无变应性疾病、居住农村的学生高；患过敏性结膜炎、食物过敏、变应性鼻炎、湿疹的学生患哮喘的风险较高。.