Cell adhesion molecule immobilized gold surfaces for enhanced neuron‐electrode interfaces

Abstract To provide a long‐term solution for increasing the biocompatibility of neuroprosthetics, approaches to reduce the side effects of invasive neuro‐implantable devices are still in need of improvement. Physical, chemical, and bioactive design aspects of the biomaterials are proven to be important for providing proper cell‐to‐cell, cell‐to‐material interactions. Particularly, modification of implant surfaces with bioactive cues, especially cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that capitalize on native neural adhesion mechanisms, are promising candidates in favor of providing efficient interfaces. Within this concept, this study utilized specific CAMs, namely N‐Cadherin (Neural cadherin, N‐Cad) and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), to enhance neuron‐electrode contact by mimicking the cell‐to‐ECM interactions for improving the survival of cells and promoting neurite outgrowth. For this purpose, representative gold electrode surfaces were modified with N‐Cadherin, NCAM, and the mixture (1:1) of these molecules. Modifications were characterized, and the effect of surface modification on both differentiated and undifferentiated neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cell lines were compared. The findings demonstrated the successful modification of these molecules which subsequently exhibited biocompatible properties as evidenced by the cell viability results. In cell culture experiments, the CAMs displayed promising results in promoting neurite outgrowth compared to conventional poly‐ l ‐lysine coated surfaces, especially NCAM and N‐Cad/NCAM modified surfaces clearly showed significant improvement. Overall, this optimized approach is expected to provide an insight into the action mechanisms of cells against the local environment and advance processes for the fabrication of alternative neural interfaces.