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Policy Mobilities, Infrastructures, and Nonhuman Political Agency

动性 代理(哲学) 奖学金 政治 社会学 参与者-网络理论 政治学 位于 社会科学 法学 计算机科学 人工智能
作者
John Connors,Anne G. Short Gianotti,Robert M. Anderson
出处
期刊:Annals of the American Association of Geographers [Taylor & Francis]
卷期号:: 1-11
标识
DOI:10.1080/24694452.2023.2271554
摘要

AbstractPolicy mobilities research has explored how policies—particularly urban development policies—spread among sites around the world, mutate along the way, and take hold in distinct contexts. Within the policy mobilities literature, there is particular attention to circulatory infrastructures, which facilitate encounters, learning, and exchange of knowledge that support the (re)production and movement of policies and “best practices.” Policy mobilities scholarship thus understands policy implementation as emerging from relational assemblages of myriad actors and social processes. Drawing on assemblage theory, this work has been attentive to nonhuman objects and infrastructures, nonetheless it has given little attention to nonhuman life. This article draws on more-than-human geographies, particularly emerging work on nonhuman life and infrastructures, to incorporate nonhuman actors into an understanding of policy mobilization. We present a case study of suburban wildlife management programs in Massachusetts and discuss how human–nonhuman relationships undergird policy development, transfer, and change. Drawing insights from municipal surveys, in-depth interviews, and document analysis, we argue that nonhumans are active in the production of policy assemblages and the mobility of environmental policies. Deer, in particular, are lively actors entangled in the circulation of policies designed to manage social-ecological dynamics and processes that also include ticks, forests, bacteria, and many other nonhuman agents. Through this intervention to situate nonhuman life in policy mobilities, we highlight the political agency of nonhuman actors, the materialities of policy mobilization, and the role of nonhumans in shaping relational networks.政策流动性研究探讨政策(特别是城市发展政策)如何在世界各地传播、演变及其在不同背景下扎根。政策流动性研究特别关注流通性基础设施, 这些基础设施促进了接触、学习和知识交流, 进而支持了政策和“最佳实践”的(再)生产和推进。因此, 政策流动性研究认为, 政策实施来源于无数行动者和社会过程的关系组合中。根据集合论, 政策流动性研究一直关注非人类的物体和基础设施, 很少关注非人类的生活。本文借鉴了超人类地理学——特别是对非人类生活和基础设施的最新研究, 在理解政策流动时考虑了非人类行为者。我们对美国马萨诸塞州郊区的野生动物管理项目进行案例研究, 讨论了人类与非人类关系如何支撑政策的制定、转化和变化。根据市政调查、深入采访和文档分析, 我们认为, 非人类积极参与了政策组合的制定和环境政策的流动性。特别的, 鹿是活跃的参与者, 它们参与了旨在管理包括蜱虫、森林、细菌等非人类因素的社会生态变化和过程的政策循环。我们在政策流动性中考虑了非人类生活, 强调了非人类行为者的政治作用、政策动员的物质性以及非人类在塑造关系网中的作用。La investigación sobre movilidades políticas ha explorado como las políticas –en particular, las políticas de desarrollo urbano– se difunden por lugares de todo el mundo, mutando en su desplazamiento y arraigando en diferentes contextos. En la literatura sobre movilidades políticas se pone particular atención a las infraestructuras circulatorias, que facilita los encuentros, el aprendizaje y el intercambio de conocimientos que apoyan la (re)producción y el movimiento de políticas y “mejores prácticas”. Así, pues, en la erudición sobre movilidades se entiende la implementación de políticas como algo que surge de los ensambles relacionales de un sinnúmero de actores y procesos sociales. Apoyándose en la teoría de los ensamblajes, este trabajo ha estado bien atento a los objetos e infraestructuras no humanos, pero poca atención se le ha dado a la vida no humana. Este artículo se basa en las geografías más-que-humanas, en particular en el trabajo de reciente aparición sobre la vida e infraestructuras no humana, para incorporar a los actores no humanos en un entendimiento sobre la movilización política. Presentamos un estudio de caso sobre los programas de manejo de la vida silvestre suburbana de Massachusetts y discutimos cómo las relaciones humanos– no humanos sustentan el desarrollo, la transferencia y el cambio político. Partiendo de las nuevas visiones que se derivan de encuestas municipales, entrevistas a profundidad y análisis documental, sostenemos que los no humanos están activos en la producción de ensamblajes políticos y en la movilidad de las políticas ambientales. Los ciervos, particularmente, son actores vivos enredados en las políticas de circulación, diseñadas para manejar la dinámica y los procesos socioecológicos que también incluyen en las garrapatas, bosques y bacterias, y muchos más agentes no humanos. Mediante esta intervención que sitúa la vida no humana en las movilidades políticas, destacamos la agencia política de los actores no humanos, las materialidades de las políticas de movilización, y el papel de los no humanos en configurar las redes relacionales.关键词: 动物地理学基础设施非人类作用政策流动性野生动物管理Palabras clave: agencia no humanageografía animalinfraestructuramanejo de la vida silvestremovilidades políticasKey Words: animal geographyinfrastructurenonhuman agencypolicy mobilitieswildlife management Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.AcknowledgmentsWe thank the many research participants for taking the time to meet with us, complete surveys, and welcome us into various meetings and events. Emilie Edelblutte and Sara Cavallo collected and analyzed much of the empirical data supporting this article. Caitlin Laber and Frances Gould assisted with the administration and preliminary analysis of the municipal questionnaire. We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful feedback.Additional informationFundingThis research was supported by the National Science Foundation’s Geographical and Spatial Sciences program (NSF-1832191) and CNH2 program (NSF-1923668).Notes on contributorsJohn P. Casellas ConnorsJOHN P. CASELLAS CONNORS is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. E-mail: jpcc@tamu.edu. His research addresses the politics of environmental management, particularly wildlife management and biodiversity conservation in the United States.Anne Short GianottiANNE SHORT GIANOTTI is Associate Professor in the Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. E-mail: agshort@bu.edu. Her research focuses on the social and political dimensions of conservation, wildlife management, and climate policy, particularly in urban and suburban areas of the United States.Robert M. AndersonROBERT M. ANDERSON is a Research Geographer at the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Northern Research Station, Seattle WA 98155, USA. E-mail: robert.anderson3@usda.gov. His research examines social challenges around human adaptation to changing ecological systems, with a focus on the politics of biodiversity conservation, ecological restoration, and other environmental management practices in the United States.
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