Safety and Efficacy of Combining Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion With Another Cardiac Procedure

Clinical outcomes of left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) combined with other cardiac procedures have not been previously examined.This study sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combining LAAO with other cardiac procedures vs isolated LAAO.We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the 2016 to 2020 National Inpatient Sample database to compare patients undergoing LAAO combined with another cardiac procedure vs isolated LAAO. Outcomes included risk-adjusted major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), in-hospital mortality, major complications, length of stay (LOS), and total costs.The total cohort included 88,910 weighted encounters, of which 1,225 (1.4%) involved concomitant cardiac procedures. After risk adjustment, patients in the concomitant procedure group had similar odds of MACEs (adjusted OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 0.94-2.74); in-hospital mortality; and complications including stroke, acute kidney injury, major bleeding, blood transfusion, and vascular injury. They also had similar LOS (1 day vs 1 day; P = 0.32) and higher costs ($44,723 vs $32,364; P < 0.01) compared with isolated LAAO but shorter LOS (1 day vs 2 days; P < 0.01) and lower costs ($51,552 vs $63,170; P = 0.04) compared with LAAO with sequential procedures. In subgroup analyses, concomitant atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter ablation had higher adjusted odds of heart block (P < 0.01), and concomitant transcatheter aortic valve replacement had higher adjusted odds of stroke (P = 0.02) and vascular injury (P < 0.01).In this retrospective observational study, combining LAAO with another cardiac intervention appeared to be associated with similar MACEs and LOS. However, certain complications appeared to be more frequent, and the cost was higher with combined procedures.