Fabrication and performance evaluation of a Janus solar-driven steam generator using AgNPs@C composite for sustainable water purification

Global water scarcity has sparked the need for effective desalination solutions. Conventional methods often come with demanding requirements and high costs. In this study, we explored the potential of AgNPs, precious metal nanoparticles, to enhance photothermal conversion efficiency in solar desalination. Through a two-step process, we incorporated AgNPs into carbon composites derived from organosilicon, boosting evaporation and photothermal rates of the solar absorber. The resulting AgNPs/C composite was then embedded in melamine foam (MF), using PDMS for improved adhesion and hydrophobicity, resulting in the AgNPs/C/MF (SCF) solar absorber. Our characterization revealed a rich pore structure and high absorption rate in the solar spectrum. Remarkably, the SCF achieved an effective water distillation rate of 1.62 kg m−2 h−1 and an impressive photothermal conversion efficiency of 91.3 %. Moreover, the SCF holds promise for seawater desalination, as well as the removal of heavy metals and dyes for decontamination purposes.