Comprehensive analysis of the effect of mRNA sequences on translation efficiency and accuracy

Abstract Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) sequences influence the translation efficiency and accuracy. To increase our knowledge of how mRNA sequences affect ribosome translation and apply the obtained information to improve the mRNA display method, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the effect of mRNA sequences on the translation. Translation efficiency depended strongly on the three codons following the start codon. Furthermore, the codons at the ribosomal E- and P-sites strongly influence the misreading of the A-site blank codon by near-cognate transfer RNA. The purine base after the blank codon also induced a higher misread rate than that with a pyrimidine base. Based on these findings, we demonstrated construction of highly diverse monobody and macrocyclic peptide libraries that would be useful in developing functional peptides and proteins in the future.