Respiratory Effects of a Reduction in Outdoor Air Pollution Concentrations

四分位间距 空气污染 呼出气一氧化氮 肺活量测定 呼吸系统 环境卫生 医学 肺活量 微粒 哮喘 环境科学 内科学 肺功能 生物 生态学 扩散能力
作者
Hanna Boogaard,Paul Fischer,Nicole Janssen,Gerard Kos,E.P. Weijers,Flemming R. Cassee,Saskia C. van der Zee,Jeroen J. de Hartog,Kees Meliefste,Meng Wang,Bert Brunekreef,Gerard Hoek
出处
期刊:Epidemiology [Lippincott Williams & Wilkins]
卷期号:24 (5): 753-761 被引量:28
标识
DOI:10.1097/ede.0b013e31829e1639
摘要

Background: Air pollution has been associated with respiratory health effects. There is little direct evidence that reductions in air pollution related to abatement policies lead to actual improvement in respiratory health. We assessed whether a reduction in (traffic policy-related) air pollution concentrations was associated with changes in respiratory health. Methods: Air pollution concentrations and respiratory health were measured in 2008 and 2010 at eight busy urban streets and at four suburban background control locations. Respiratory function was assessed twice in 661 residents by spirometry and measurements of airway resistance. Nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air was measured as a marker for airway inflammation. Results: Air pollution concentrations were lower in 2010 than in 2008. The declines in pollutants varied among locations, with the largest decline observed in a street with a large reduction in traffic intensity. In regression analyses adjusted for important covariates, reductions in concentrations of soot, NO2, NOx, Cu, and Fe were associated with increases in forced vital capacity (FVC) (∼1% increase per interquartile range [IQR] decline). Airway resistance decreased with a decline in particulate matter (PM10) and PM2.5 (9% per IQR), although these associations were somewhat less consistent. No associations were found with exhaled NO. Results were driven largely by one street where traffic-related air pollution showed the largest reduction. Forced expiratory volume and FVC improved by 3% to 6% in residents of this street compared with suburban background residents. This was accompanied by a suggestive reduction in airway resistance. Conclusions: Reductions in air pollution may lead to small improvements in respiratory function.
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