An updated phylogeny and classification of Lamiaceae subfamily Lamioideae

Abstract Lamioideae comprise the second‐largest subfamily in Lamiaceae. Although considerable progress has recently been made in Lamioideae phylogenetics, the subfamily remains one of the most poorly investigated subfamilies in Lamiaceae. Here we present a taxonomic update of the subfamily based on earlier published data as well as 71 new DNA extracts from relevant in‐ and outgroup taxa, and DNA sequence data from four chloroplast regions ( mat K, rps 16, trn L intron and trnL ‐ F spacer). The phylogenetic positions of 10 out of 13 previously unplaced small or monotypic Asian lamioid genera and 37 additional lamioid species have been identified, and the classification is updated accordingly. Results from parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic methods corroborate earlier results, but phylogenetic resolution as well as overall branch support are improved. All newly added genera are assigned to earlier established tribes or the new tribe Paraphlomideae Bendiksby, which includes Ajugoides , Matsumurella and Paraphlomis . Acanthoprasium is resurrected as a genus. Transfer of species is proposed to ac ‐ commodate the monophyly of two genera ( Lamium , Otostegia ), whereas ten genera remain non‐monophyletic ( Ballota s. str., Lagopsis , Leonotis , Leonurus , Leucas , Microtoena , Phlomoides , Sideritis , Stachys , Thuspeinanta ). Eriophyton and Stachyopsis have been included in Lamieae, Hypogomphia in Stachydeae, and Loxocalyx in Leonureae. Betonica , Colquhounia , Galeopsis , and Roylea remain unclassified at the tribal level. Lamium chinense and three East Asian Galeobdolon species are transferred to Matsumurella . Sulaimania and four Otostegia species are transferred to Moluccella . Alajja and three Lamium species are transferred to Eriophyton . In total, 14 new combinations are made, one at the rank of subgenus and 13 at the rank of species.