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Impacts of multiple stressors on freshwater biota across spatial scales and ecosystems

压力源 中观 环境科学 生态系统 生物群 生态学 淡水生态系统 气候变化 环境资源管理 生物 神经科学
作者
Sebastian Birk,Daniel S. Chapman,Laurence Carvalho,Bryan M. Spears,Hans Estrup Andersen,Christine Argillier,Stefan Auer,Annette Baattrup‐Pedersen,Lindsay F. Banin,Meryem Beklioğlu,Elisabeth Bondar‐Kunze,Ángel Borja,Paulo Branco,Tuba Bucak,A.D. Buijse,Ana Cristina Cardoso,Raoul‐Marie Couture,Fabien Cremona,Dick de Zwart,Christian K. Feld
出处
期刊:Nature Ecology and Evolution [Nature Portfolio]
卷期号:4 (8): 1060-1068 被引量:491
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41559-020-1216-4
摘要

Climate and land-use change drive a suite of stressors that shape ecosystems and interact to yield complex ecological responses (that is, additive, antagonistic and synergistic effects). We know little about the spatial scales relevant for the outcomes of such interactions and little about effect sizes. These knowledge gaps need to be filled to underpin future land management decisions or climate mitigation interventions for protecting and restoring freshwater ecosystems. This study combines data across scales from 33 mesocosm experiments with those from 14 river basins and 22 cross-basin studies in Europe, producing 174 combinations of paired-stressor effects on a biological response variable. Generalized linear models showed that only one of the two stressors had a significant effect in 39% of the analysed cases, 28% of the paired-stressor combinations resulted in additive effects and 33% resulted in interactive (antagonistic, synergistic, opposing or reversal) effects. For lakes, the frequencies of additive and interactive effects were similar for all spatial scales addressed, while for rivers these frequencies increased with scale. Nutrient enrichment was the overriding stressor for lakes, with effects generally exceeding those of secondary stressors. For rivers, the effects of nutrient enrichment were dependent on the specific stressor combination and biological response variable. These results vindicate the traditional focus of lake restoration and management on nutrient stress, while highlighting that river management requires more bespoke management solutions. A cross-scale analysis of paired-stressor effects on biological variables of European freshwater ecosystems shows that in 39% of cases, significant effects were limited to single stressors, with nutrient enrichment being the most important of these in lakes. Additive and interactive effects were similarly frequent (ca. 30% each), this frequency being independent of the spatial scale of analysis for lakes but increasing with scale for rivers.
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