High-Throughput Screening Technology in Industrial Biotechnology

High-throughput screening (HTS) provides more possibilities for both rational and semirational engineering of microorganisms to obtain better industrial strains. Various mutagenesis and directed evolution approaches have been developed and applied to constructing more diverse mutant libraries and screening these libraries for more powerful industrial microorganisms. In addition to detection using UV/visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, screening techniques based on electrochemical sensors and biosensors, as well as on Raman, IR, and near-IR spectroscopy, are being developed to fulfill the diverse requirements of HTS. Advances in automated systems make HTS less labor-intensive and smarter. Accomplishments in microfluidics and cell sorting have significantly accelerated screening speed and have decreased the cost of screening. Based on the development of automatic devices and rapid assay methods, various high-throughput screening (HTS) strategies have been established for improving the performance of industrial microorganisms. We discuss the most significant factors that can improve HTS efficiency, including the construction of screening libraries with high diversity and the use of new detection methods to expand the search range and highlight target compounds. We also summarize applications of HTS for enhancing the performance of industrial microorganisms. Current challenges and potential improvements to HTS in industrial biotechnology are discussed in the context of rapid developments in synthetic biology, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence. Rational integration will be an important driving force for constructing more efficient industrial microorganisms with wider applications in biotechnology. Based on the development of automatic devices and rapid assay methods, various high-throughput screening (HTS) strategies have been established for improving the performance of industrial microorganisms. We discuss the most significant factors that can improve HTS efficiency, including the construction of screening libraries with high diversity and the use of new detection methods to expand the search range and highlight target compounds. We also summarize applications of HTS for enhancing the performance of industrial microorganisms. Current challenges and potential improvements to HTS in industrial biotechnology are discussed in the context of rapid developments in synthetic biology, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence. Rational integration will be an important driving force for constructing more efficient industrial microorganisms with wider applications in biotechnology. an approach to change the characteristics of a microorganism through adaptation to a particular environment under selective pressure for a prolonged period. a novel random mutagenesis method based on radio-frequency atmospheric-pressure glow discharge plasma jets which can easily break down C–N bonds, amino groups, and P–O bonds. a marker-free method of multigene assembly based on CRISPR/Cas9 that is mainly used in vivo in S. cerevisiae. artificially designed systems of microbial metabolism for converting renewable substances to target products including chemicals, fuels, enzymes, antibiotics, materials, and healthcare products. combinatorial pathway assembly is a high-throughput cloning method for the balanced expression of multiple genes in S. cerevisiae. clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas), a genetic editing system developed from the adaptive immune system in archaea/bacteria. an approach that mimics the evolutionary process in nature to quickly establish a mutant library from which mutants with desired characteristics can be obtained by high-throughput screening (HTS). a synthetic biology platform in E. coli for optimizing pathway configuration and for efficiently generating pathway diversity based on a series of engineered ePathBrick vectors. a biological technique applied to achieve high-speed counting and sorting of single cells or other biological particles in suspension based on labeled fluorescence signals. a discipline of engineering that genetically modulates living cells or organisms to increase the production of particular desired substances. a random mutagenesis method based on charged particles with an atomic number >2, such as 12C, 40Ar, and 58Ni, which can easily damage single- and double-stranded DNA. a fermentation platform for rescreening following HTS and for the development of initial processes for optimization. actuation of small volumes of fluid or droplets, typically at the picoliter to microliter scale, that are manipulated in confined microchannels. a lid designed for microtiter plates (MTPs) which consists of a fixation layer and membrane layer to ensure sufficient oxygen supply and decrease cross-contamination. an interdisciplinary branch of biology and engineering that attempts to develop artificial biological systems by analyzing, understanding, modeling, and simulating with the help of mathematical and computational methods.