小RNA
生物
癌症
基因
基因表达调控
计算生物学
基因表达
基因组不稳定性
抑制器
翻译(生物学)
核糖核酸
长非编码RNA
信使核糖核酸
癌症研究
生物信息学
遗传学
DNA损伤
DNA
作者
Mridul Budakoti,Abhay Shikhar Panwar,D. Molpa,Rahul Singh,Dietrich Büsselberg,Abhay Prakash Mishra,Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho,Manisha Nigam
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109995
摘要
The discovery of micro RNAs (miRNA) in cancer has opened up new vistas for researchers in recent years. Micro RNAs area set of small, endogenous, highly conserved, non-coding RNAs that control the expression of about 30% genes at post-transcriptional levels. Typically, microRNAs impede the translation and stability of messenger RNAs (mRNA), control genes associated with cellular processes namely inflammation, cell cycle regulation, stress response, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. Compelling findings revealed that miRNA mutations or disruption correspond to diverse human cancers and suggest that miRNAs can function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Here we summarize the literature on these master regulators in clinical settings from last three decades as both abrupt cancer therapeutics and as an approach to sensitize tumors to chemotherapy. This review highlights (I) the prevailing perception of miRNA genomics, biogenesis, as well as function; (II) the significant advancements in regulatory mechanisms in the expression of carcinogenic genes; and (III) explains, how miRNA is utilized as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the disease stage indicating survival as well as therapeutic targets in cancer.
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