PPARα suppresses low-intensity-noise-induced body weight gain in mice: the activated HPA axis plays an critical role

As the second most risky environmental pollution, noise imposes threats to human health. Exposure to high-intensity noise causes hearing impairment, psychotic disorders, endocrine modifications. The relationship among low-intensity noise, obesity and lipid-regulating nuclear factor PPARα is not yet clear. In this study, male wild-type (WT) and Pparα-null (KO) mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) were exposed to 75 dB noise for 12 weeks to explore the effect of low-intensity noise on obesity development and the role of PPARα. 3T3-L1 cells were treated with dexamethasone (DEX) and sodium oleate (OA) to verify the down-stream effect of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation on the adipose tissues. The average body weight gain (BWG) of WT mice on HFD exposed to noise was inhibited, which was not observed in KO mice. The mass and adipocyte size of adipose tissues accounted for the above difference of BWG tendency. In WT mice on HFD, the adrenocorticotropic hormone level was increased by the noise challenge. The aggravation of fatty liver by noise exposure occurred in both mouse lines, and the transport of hepatic redundant lipid to adipose tissues were similar. The lipid metabolism in adipose tissue driven by HPA axis accorded with the BWG inhibition in vivo, validated in 3T3-L1 adipogenic stem cells. Chronic exposure to low-intensity noise aggravated fatty liver in both WT and KO mice. BWG inhibition was observed only in WT mice, which covered up the aggravation of fatty liver by noise exposure. PPARα mediates the activation of HPA axis by noise exposure in mice on HFD. Elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) promoted lipid metabolism in adipocytes, which contributed to the disassociation of BWG and fatty liver development in male WT mice.