High-throughput technologies in probiotics science

The development of high-throughput technologies permitted the transition of biology studies from laboratory-based hypothesis to holistic approaches. The so-called omics methodologies analyze and integrate information coming from different steps in the central dogma of molecular biology, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and allied methodologies. Single omics-based techniques have become indispensable for the study of beneficial bacteria identified as probiotics. More recently, integration approach across multiple omics methods permitted a deeper understanding about the role of probiotics in specific biologic processes, the detection of probiotic candidates among the noncultivable species, and detailed investigation of the beneficial effects on human and animal health contexts. The huge data set generated by the high-throughput methodologies requested the more intensive use of statistical analysis including application of machine learning. The large available data set coming from microbiome studies may allow the detection of new probiotics and biomarkers for diseases detection.