The antagonistic mechanism of rhizosphere microbes and endophytes on the interaction between banana and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

Banana plants have complex micro-ecosystems in which different places are filled by a wide variety of microorganisms including endophytes and root associated rhizospheric microorganisms. Antagonistic microorganisms have been efficiently used as biological control agents in suppression of numerous plant diseases. The use of these microorganisms in controlling plant diseases is more useful when compared with chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Because of their lower cost and their contribution to sustainable agriculture, most reports have suggested these microorganisms especially species of Bacillus, Trichoderma and Pseudomonas for biological control of plant pathogens. Furthermore, the ability to colonize and establish the beneficial antagonists is critical for the bio-control of diseases. For enhancing host resistance of banana to Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), antagonistic microorganisms associated with biological control potential of plants rhizosphere have been studied by many researches. Inoculating endophytes and root associated rhizospheric microorganisms into tissue cultured banana plantlets is a promising tool to protect banana from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) infection. In this review, we summarized bio-control agents for tissue cultured plants, biological control using endophytic and root associated rhizospheric microorganisms, colonization of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense in banana tissue, colonization of microorganisms in banana tissue and antagonistic mechanisms of bio-control agents to Fusarium wilt of banana. At the end systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) by bio-control agents were also discussed.