作者
Melanie D. Sweeney,Axel Montagne,Abhay P. Sagare,Daniel A. Nation,Lon S. Schneider,Helena C. Chui,Michael G. Harrington,Judy Pa,Meng Law,Danny J.J. Wang,Russell E. Jacobs,Fergus Doubal,Joel Ramirez,Sandra E. Black,Maiken Nedergaard,Helene Benveniste,Martin Dichgans,Costantino Iadecola,Seth Love,Philip M. Bath,Hugh S. Markus,Rustam Al‐Shahi Salman,Stuart M. Allan,Terence J. Quinn,Rajesh N. Kalaria,David J. Werring,Roxana O. Carare,Rhian M. Touyz,Steven Williams,Michael A. Moskowitz,Zvonimir S. Katušić,Sarah E. Lutz,Orly Lazarov,Richard D. Minshall,Jalees Rehman,Thomas P. Davis,Cheryl L. Wellington,Hector M. González,Chun Yuan,Samuel N. Lockhart,Timothy M. Hughes,Christopher Chen,Perminder S. Sachdev,John T. O’Brien,Ingmar Skoog,Leonardo Pantoni,Deborah Gustafson,Geert Jan Biessels,Anders Wallin,Eric E. Smith,Vincent Mok,Adrian Wong,Peter Passmore,Frederick Barkof,Majon Muller,Monique M.B. Breteler,Gustavo C. Román,Édith Hamel,Sudha Seshadri,Rebecca F. Gottesman,Mark A. van Buchem,Zoe Arvanitakis,Julie A. Schneider,Lester R. Drewes,Vladimir Hachinski,Caleb E. Finch,Arthur W. Toga,Joanna M. Wardlaw,Berislav V. Zloković
摘要
Abstract Increasing evidence recognizes Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease with multiple contributors to its pathophysiology, including vascular dysfunction. The recently updated AD Research Framework put forth by the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association describes a biomarker‐based pathologic definition of AD focused on amyloid, tau, and neuronal injury. In response to this article, here we first discussed evidence that vascular dysfunction is an important early event in AD pathophysiology. Next, we examined various imaging sequences that could be easily implemented to evaluate different types of vascular dysfunction associated with, and/or contributing to, AD pathophysiology, including changes in blood‐brain barrier integrity and cerebral blood flow. Vascular imaging biomarkers of small vessel disease of the brain, which is responsible for >50% of dementia worldwide, including AD, are already established, well characterized, and easy to recognize. We suggest that these vascular biomarkers should be incorporated into the AD Research Framework to gain a better understanding of AD pathophysiology and aid in treatment efforts.