Effect of Sand Particle Size on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Gypsum-Cemented Similar Materials.

ZQBKAHoAdABYAGUAOQB2AEUAMgBVAGMAdgAyAHUANwA5AHYAbwBNAEEAegBhAFMAawBFAFoARAA2 AFIAeAAwAHAAUwAyADMARABqAEoAUwBqAEgARQBiAEkAVQBBAGkAVwBiAFoASgBvAHMAdABpAGIA dQAwAEQAcQAzAFIAMwB5AC8AVQBxAHoAaABmAEcAKwBBAGEAagBiADAAeAA0ADUAZQBzAFoAdwBX AFEAeABnAGsARwBDAG0AUABnAEMAWAB2AGcARABCADEARQBSAEUAbQBLAEkAUgBpAEQAWgBIADYA QwBKAFMAdgBTAHUAcgBLAHoAZAAyAHQANQB6ADMAZAAzADEAdQBkAHQAMwBDAGQAbgBSAFAAZgBm ADgALwBQADcAKwBmAHIANQBQADAAUQBuADAAeABLAFcALwB6AHkAMwAyADkALwBmAHUAVABxAFoA NQBmAGsAKwBJAEMAVwA5AE4AOAA3ADMAcABKAE4AKwBmADUATgBOAGoAZgBGACsARwA1AHoATwA5 AGYAYQBtACsAMwBYADMAOQBlADMAYgB5AGUAOQBYAC8AUgB2AFUAYQB4AEIAaQBlAHoAZgBqAGYA bgBFAG8ATwBIAFIAdwBkAHIAUAB6ADIAWQBEAEUAMABnAGIAagB6AEMAMQA5AC8AdABYAEQAMQAr AHEAMwBRAGsAOABqADMALwBjAEsAMQBlADUAcwBaADUAdQAyAEIATABXAHkARQBpAFQASABoADUA egBrAG0ARgBPAEQAWQBaAHgAagAxAEoAMQB4ADUAaQBGAFkAZQA0AHAAVwBIAGQASQBEAHoAZABH AHMAUABtAGMAcgBEAG8ASQBkAGoARAByAEwAaAB0ADkAQgBRAHkAegAwAEUATwBHAGEAegA5AG4A QwBRAHEAWgBwAFoAYgBHAEEATABVADUANwBaADAAMgBqAGoAVwBIADQAYQBGAHkATgBIADgATQBu AEkAaQBEAFEAdABpAEYAVgAvAGoAYgBMAGoAYwBYAGEAQwBaADYATQBqAEgATABPAEoARABiAE4A SgA5AFUATQB2ADcAOQAzAHIAZgBjAEYANwAwAEQAdgBpAHUALwBYAFgAegBiAHMAagB2AHEAdQBM AEYAMwA4AGQAOABaADEAYgB2AFAAYgA3AEsAMAA5AHgAYgBHAGkARAAxAHIAUwA4AGIASgBiADMA YgBXAEcAagB6AE8AVABtAHAAVQArAFoAUgA1AHQAUgAvAHAAUgBOAHgAagBzADUAVgBtADMAbwBp AGIATAA3AFkAbQB6ADYAdAB6AHMAcwBVAHYAZABSAEgAWQBUAGoAdgBDAEgAZgBnAEMAaQBKAFUA YQBRACsAKwBjAGQASABVADQAWABVAFIAUAB6AFIAYwB6AEUAbABwAGkAWgA0AFQANgBaAEwAMwBR AHcAMgBFAFcAWQBUAEUAVwAvAE0AbQB3ADQAawBJAGwAaQBKAEMASQBYAE0AOABpAEQAcQAwAEkA TgBmAFQASwBNAEYAUAAvAEwAbgA4AEgARQBaADQAeABDAFAAQQBnAE0AbABaAFUAcQBTAGkANgBH AE8AQQAzAGwAYwB5AEQAVgBmAGUAWQBSAFYAMwAyAEIAVABvAGMANwBoAGsAcABoAFYAUwBvAEsA UwBsADAAUwBTAE4AeQBKAEcAMwBtAEIAQwBLAGQAUQB4AGwAbABjAEsAMgBNAEMAYwB4AG8AMwBO AEsAWQBsADgAWQA3AE0AegBSAGcAYQBZAE0ATAB4AG8ATwA3AFoAcAB1AEMAQgBrAGoAYQB3AGkA WQA4AE8AYwBYAHMAUwA1AHYARwBCAGcAVABnAG0AcgA1ADYAUQBlADkAcwB0AFkAawBDADIAagBj AFAAUwB6AEgAdwBWAEYAZgBMAEkANABJADgAeABnAEcAWABqAEsANABUAHgAbABsAEgANAB0AG4A MQBNAGEAQgBZAGYAbAB2AEsAagBzAEYAeABRAGoAdQAyAHYANQB2AEIATABJACsANQBKAGMAcwBJ ADYAdABOAEQAMABsADQAeABsAEoAVgBvAEMAbgBIAE0ANQBUAE4ATwBxAHAAWQBSAGsAWABqAFoA QwBUADgALwBYAFUAcQBTAEQAeQB6ADYAaABDAFIASABRAFIAUQAxAGwATwBLAGUAcABPAEQAVQBr AGwAVQBaAEYAbgBLAGEATwBWAFEANgBPAGoAUgAwAEQAeQBOAE4AMgBsAHYAVwBqAGoAYwBHAG0A eQBrAE0AKwBXAG0AeAB2AFUAbgB3AFkAMwBiAEEALwBhAE0ASgBEAE4AcQBpAEkARgA1AHcAdwBP AFIATwBIAEcAVwBhADMAYQA3AHcAYwBSAHkAawBxAEYAQQBzADUAcQB6AGQAMABqAGoAVwBoAGoA cwBsADcAawAyAGIAWABMADIAQwB0ADkAQwBPADAAdgBLAGIAUABEAFcAQwA2AHEASgAwAFAAWABj AFYAQgBuAG0AbwBOAHAAWQA1AFYAcABZAC8AawAyAGEAVgA2AFYAYwBCAHkAUABaAGkAVgBEAEQA RwBoAFEAMABGADMAdwBvAFkAQQBnAFoANgBmAHkAcgArAE4AUQA5AHkAbwBwAHQAeAB4ADUAMwBM AFEAOABTAEYAUQBiAGgARgBPAFAAOABOAFcAaABLAFUARwB1ADEANABZAEoAZABhADAAUQBUAFkA MAA2AEcAdABmAHIASwBGAG8AcgBnAGUAcgAyADAANgBXAEoAbgBlAEMAdwBWAEYAUwBhAGQAcQBR AC8ANgB4ADEAMQBIAE4AbQAxAGIARQBFAE4ANgB6AFgAcQBLAEUAUABRAFUAWQAxAGMAYQBkAFIA UgBRAHEAKwBqAFoANQBIAC8AcQBGAFEAbwBUAFQAZQBiAGsAdABaAEsAWABSAHMANgBrAEgAOABE ADUAeAByADMAaABhADUAbwBkAEMATgBtADgANQBxAHQAMwBnAGEANgBNAFcAbQB0AHQAbABKAGcA QQBuAFcAbQBJAHUAcABCAEsAagBnAFgAbQBaAHoAVgBHAHoAWgBXAFQAOAAwADEAVwBvAFQAdQBk AGsAUgByADUAVgB2AEwAdABMAGkAagBqAGwAQgBhAEEAeABWADkAMQA0AEcAQwBNAGoANgBHAFoA UwB4AG0AMgB5AEoALwBuAEUAaABIAEoATwB0AFgAdAAvAEsAbwBTAGoAbAA1AGYAZABLAHgAVgBZ ADcAVgA2AFAAMgBXAHoAOABSAG0AWQBtAFkASgBpAGYAbABiAEwAKwBKAHkAZwBpAEoATQBDAGsA WAAzADYAMQBLAHoARABpAG0AbQAxADAAOABQADYAaQB5ADcAeQBNAFUAcABIAGEAMgBzAGIAUgBU AGIAbwB6AHQAMwBzAHIATQA4ADAANABHADQAbwBuAFIATQBPAFMAbgBJAGIAVABsAEwAWABkAHIA dABYAGgAWAAxAFcAUQBzADcAVgBZAGQAcQBxAEMAQQB2AGMAdwBTAGMAcQBlAEsARQBVAGsAbwA5 AHIAVQBxAGQAbwBpAEsASQBPAFUASABPADAAZQBxAEMATwBqADEASwBZAGQAeQB0ACsAaQBPAEEA ZgBKAE8AUwBkAEkATABlAHkASgBGAFIATwBuAEgAOABtAFUARAAwAEIASwBJAG4AWgByAFAANQBE AFkAUwBDAGUATABCAFUASwBHAEEAbABEADEARgBpADQAUABYADIAOAB6AHEAdABZAEkAKwBZADQA VwBUAFYAaQAxAEkAdQBmAHkAeAB2AE8ARgBuAFYAWQAzADIAKwBGAFQASgB2AEYAbQBiAGUASABn AFIAUQA0AEQAZwBXAHMAUwB3AFUAUQBLAEEANgBtAFYAQgBjAEkAbABEAEIAZQBMAEsASwAwAC8A LwBsAFUATwBBADEAcQBTAFMATAB3AE8AbQBPADUAMwBRAFgAWQBLAG8AdABuADkASwB1AGwAYQBr AEUAOAA4ADAAbQA5AFMAUQBPAEYAWQBzAGwAYQArADAAbABsADQAaQBmAEgAegBnAE4ANABpAE4A VwBrAGsAOABnAGcAZQBpAEIAKwBOAEEAbwBVAE0AQwBjAEEAWABPAG0AMgBSAHUASABmADQASABD AE4AUgBjAFoATgBEAFQAeQBPAG4AVQB5AEUAUQByAFgAZwBLAGUAYwBUAEwALwByAHQAWABBAE4A cwBwAE0AdQA0AFMAZwBhAHQAUgBSAFkAcABKAFIAWQBwAEYAQwBmAEMAbwB3AE8AagBHADQAbQBR ADAARgA5AGEAawB2ADUAVQBxAGgAUABkAGEAcgBrAGcAZgBwAFUAUwBpADEANABxAEUAKwBsAE4A bgBnAE4AOQBhAGwAZwAyAGwAQgBnADIAcgBqAEUAaAAzAGwAbwBUAFgAMABxAEkAZQBiAGYAcABi AFUANQB6AHEANQB6ADEAZQAzAEkAegBEAHIAWABlADkAYgBVAHUAZABwAE4AZgAyADYAdABjADQA eQBqAG8ARABVAFYAdABhADYAcABoAEEAVgBLAGcANABwAGEAdQB5AHQAaABQADcASwBvAEUAdABi AFYAVwBsAHQAMwAxAGcAYgBxAEMAOABtAE8ANgBSADIATABpAGwAegB0AFAAaQBZAFQAaQAyAFYA SgAxAHIAYQB1AGkAMgBWAE4ASgAwAEsAbwBYADYAVQB3AFYAQQBpAEYAYgBaAFEAZQBEAEkAUgBZ AGEAQQBPAEQAUQBHAEUAYgBoAE8AeQBKAFIAQwBxAFUAdQA3AGgASABvAEYASwBIAFoASQBOAHkA RgB5AGgAMwBhAFMANQArAG8ASwA3AFcAUABlAEkASAA3AEQAbABJAG0AVABYAG0AZABDAGgAcwBz ADQAZgBaAG8AYgBBAE4ANQBNAGsANgBrAEMAZgBwAEQAeQA2AHkAYQBPAGwATAA4AHkAcABmADkA SABiADcANABaAFYALwBvAHAAdgBVAHAAdwAzAGoAbgAvAC8ANQAyAGYAMABMAHQAOAA5AGYAdgBy ADQANABFAFYALwArADUATwBiAGQAOABpAGMAOABtADkAbABhADgANgBWAHYAMwBzAFMARgBiAHoA TABWADMAeQByAEgARABKADQAYQBSADYAYwA3AEgAdABmAE4ATgBRAHQARABWADYAMgBpAGUAOQBV AHEARwBqAFcATAA2AEQAWgByAEYAbQBpAHUANwBXAHUAYwBZAE0AaQBHAGcAZAAzAGEAcgBpAGIA SQBaAG0ALwB1AEkAaAB0AGsAbgBXAHIANwB5AHAAZwA2AFoASQBPAE0AZgBtADEAZgBDAGYATwBH AGIASgBoADcATQBMAHkAdgA2AEwAMwBBAFkANwBRAHYAMQBWAFIAcAA0AG8ARQAxAFMANQBSAFkA ZQBXAFQAMQBVAHkAbwB1AFkAcgA1AGsAUQB5AEQAdABXAHAAWQBiAHIAeAA5AC8AbwAyAGYAWgAy ADIAcABpAGEAbQB0AGgAeABwADgAQwBOAFkAQgBYAHEAaABuAFMAWgBrAHIAZAB2AHQAbwBPAHIA ZAB0AE8AQgAvADkAaQA1AGIAWQBSAGEAUQBIAEgANgA3AG8ARwBXAEkAeAAyADYAegBvAFQARgA5 AGsAYwBKADIASwBjAHEAeQA4AFoAUgAzAGQAMgBJAGMALwBjAHAAKwA0AEUAZQBCAEQAQwBNAGgA bgBpAFAAZABCAEgARwBXAGsAOQBmAFUAbgBaAEYANQBCADAAbAAxAGUAbgBDAHgAegA0AHMAUgBY AEUAbgBIAG4AVQBvAC8AVQAwADcAMABDAHMARwA5AEUATwBFAEkATABkADcASwBkAEQAZgBiAGcA YgAwAGIAbQBRAEkASgBTAEkAcABrAFEATQBuAEMATQBrADYAcwB1AGUASwBqAFIATQBlAHgAUQBu AGoAUwBZAE8AbwBUAHAANQBZAEIAeQBzAEQAUQBLAEIAYQBBAGYASQBzAGQAUABiAGsAVwA5AHUA LwBzAGEAYwBPAGMAUABhAHoAYQBmAEUAeQB1AGYARABqAHUAcQBMAGEAYwBBAGIAYwBaAEgAdgAw AE4AdwBLAGMANABDAHIAcgBFAFYAVABsADYANQA5AEEATQBJAEUARAA5AE0ARwBEADUATwBFAEsA dAAvADEATAA5ADAANQAxAEMANgBhAEoASgBJAGoAUQBKAE4AdQBvAFUAbQBLAG8AeAA1AG4AdQBH AHAAdwBOAGMAagBvAGQAYwBnAFAAYgBiAEoAWABZAGcAVABEAHgAdQBzAGoAbABCAHQAMQAyAFcA UABlAFMAaQBEAHIAcwBWAEoAUwBMAEwAUgBRAFMATwBmAFEAQQBLAG0AcABjAFoAdQB6AHAAcABZ AHgAZQBlAFkAKwAwAFoAMAArAG8AZAAvADQAdgBuADgAWgBoAFEAbQBDAGYAeAAwAEsAZgBqAEMA RQBxAHMAVABiAEgAWAA4AE4AVQBoAEUAWQBZAHIAawBaAGEAVgBLADMARABSAEEAYgA0AEMANQBu AGMATgBkAC8ALwB1AFcAQwBJADIAQwB0AGQAawBjAFcANwBDAGQATgBFADAAZABzAGsAcgBZAHcA NwBtAEIAMAByAGEAagBhAFcAYQBOAG4AUQBUAEUASAB6AHIAZAB3AHcAWQBLADUAQwBTAG4AZAB4 AEEAagBoADEAUQBpAGsAMQByAGwAcgA3ADAAWQB3AHoAVAAxAHAAeAB6AGUASgBrAHoAawBuAGgA OAA4AEMARQB0AHYARgA3AGcAbQBsAFcAZwByAEEAbgA3AGIANABDAFEARAArAEIAUAArAEUATQB1 AHYAbwA0AHcANwBEADQATQA5AHQAaQBOAEUAMwBqAFUAegBFAGwAVABnAHcAagBtAHIAcQAvAFoA OAAwAEEAawAyAEoAZQBqAEkAVgBhAFcAbwBWAHIATQB4AGUASwBpAFQAcQBDAGYAQgBwADEAYwBQ AGEARABpAHUAegBEAHQATgBzAFAANgAyADUARgBnAHYAcABjAEgAQwAwADcAWgBqAG0ATQAxAFkA bABNAGQAMgB0AHgAYwAyADgARAA1AFQAdwBwAEEAQwBqAEIAYwA0AEoATwBDAGQAbAA1AHcAUQBL AE0AZABhAHkAZQB3AEMAUABkADIAMwB5AEMAZQBEAHgAUQBKAGkAZwA1AGcAeQBwAE8AUgBLAHEA UABHAFYAVgBxAHQAQgArAHgAOAAvAE0AbgBDAFAASgA4AGwAeQBiAGMAegBUADUAUABuAFoAUwBk AHcAMwBRADYAUwBBAGkAMgAyAEkAdQBBAEQAcgBkAFcAWgBZAFUAWABKAEIAbABtADUAawBCAEYA MgBTADEAdABOAHgAMQB4AEkAeQBBADkAbgBTAHAAdwB3ADEAbwBUADQAdABrAE8AVgBRAHoAVQBJ AGQAUwBnAG0AcQBHADkAZwBvAFIAaQByAGsATABLAHUAZgBBAEsAUQBWAHUAVwBHAHEAVwBlAGEA NQB5AEkAMwBmAG8AOABYADMAYwA0AFYAZwBaAGQAQgBIAGwAbQBKAEQANgBPADYAegArAEsAOQAr ADQANwBaAHUAYgBYADMAbgBsAGQAbQBZAGYAOABtAEQAeAAwAFoAcwBEAG8AagByAEUAegB2AEsA YgAzAFMAdgBlAEQAQwBRAGkAVwBJAGsASQBoAGEAcQBYAFcAZAA3ADMAUAB3AHQAcAAxADQAdwA9 AA== To identify mechanism of sand particle size effect on the mechanical properties of gypsum cement, 11 grades of sand particles with a size of 0.1-3 mm were used to produce 99 specimens for uniaxial compression and permeability coefficient testing. Based on this, the distribution characteristics of internal stress and horizontal displacement are discussed using the numerical analysis. The results obtained show that the sand particle size effect on the uniaxial compressive strength of similar materials is negatively correlated within the range from -16.51% to 49.79%. SEM observations imply that, in the case of small particle sizes, gypsum crystals develop into denser needle-like structures, while for larger particle sizes, they are mostly loose lamellar structures. Permeability tests indicated that the larger the sand particle size, the greater the permeability, indicating that the internal pore connectivity is better, and the crevices are easier to penetrate when the specimen is compressed. Numerical simulations indicated that the larger the particle size, the larger the extreme deformation value of the specimen in the horizontal direction, and the more uneven the deformation distribution. In addition, specimens with larger particle sizes had a larger total area, where the tensile stress exceeded the ultimate tensile strength, and were more prone to tensile failure.