Crust–mantle interaction beneath the Luxi Block, eastern North China Craton: Evidence from coexisting mantle- and crust-derived enclaves in a quartz monzonite pluton

The Laiwu quartz monzonite in the Luxi Block of eastern North China Craton (NCC) is characterized by the presence of abundant plagioclase amphibolite and gabbro–diorite enclaves. Here we present LA-ICPMS zircon U–Pb ages which show that the host quartz monzonite was emplaced at 129.8 ± 1.0 Ma, whereas the protolith of the plagioclase amphibolite enclaves formed during early Paleoproterozoic. The gabbro–diorite enclaves were produced simultaneously with or slightly earlier than the formation of the host quartz monzonite. Combined with the Archean and Paleoproterozoic zircons as well as the low εNd(0) values (− 18.4 to − 18.0) in the plagioclase amphibolite enclaves, the equilibrium temperature and pressure conditions (645–670 °C and 4.8–6.5 Kb) suggest that the plagioclase amphibolite enclaves are fragments of the middle crust. The gabbro–diorite enclaves mainly originated from an enriched lithospheric mantle metasomatized by melts/fluids derived from the continental crust, as indicated by their low SiO2 (54.4–54.7 wt.%) and high MgO (10.9–11.1 wt.%) contents as well as the negative εNd(t) values (− 13.5 to − 10.7) and enrichment of LILEs (e.g., Ba and Sr) and depletion of HFSEs (e.g., Nb, Ta, P and Ti). Compared with the ancient crustal rocks and the mafic plutons considered to have been derived from lithospheric mantle in the Luxi Block, the moderate εNd(t) (− 15.7 to − 15.1) and εHf(t) (− 20.7 to − 13.0) values of the quartz monzonite in our study suggest that both mantle- and crust-derived melts were involved in the magma generation. Thus we propose a model involving magma mixing between mantle- and crust-derived melts for the formation of the quartz monzonite. Since significant crust–mantle interaction is recorded not only in the quartz monzonite and its enclaves in the Luxi Block but also in the other granitoids widespread in the NCC, it is considered that large-scale crust–mantle interaction and magmatic underplating were associated with the Mesozoic lithospheric mantle thinning and crustal reactivation in the eastern NCC.