Chicken Muscle Protein‐Derived Peptide VVHPKESF Reduces TNFα‐Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Suppressing TNFR1 Signaling in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells

This study aims to investigate the protective effects of four chicken muscle-derived peptides Val-Arg-Pro (VRP), Leu-Lys-Tyr (LKY), Val-Arg-Tyr (VRY), and Val-Val-His-Pro-Lys-Glu-Ser-Phe [VVHPKESF (V-F)] on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced endothelial inflammation and oxidative stress in human vascular endothelial EA.hy926 cells.Inflammation and oxidative stress are induced in EA.hy926 cells by TNFα (10 ng mL-1 ) treatment for different periods of time. Inflammatory proteins and signaling molecules including inducible nitric oxide synthase, intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and TNFα receptor 1 (TNFR1) are measured by qRT-PCR or western blotting; soluble TNFR1 level and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH) oxidase activity are determined by Elisa kits; superoxide is measured by dihydroethidium staining. Only V-F treatment inhibits the expression of VCAM-1 and COX2, via suppressing NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling, respectively, while reduced oxidative stress via the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity; V-F treatment attenuates both gene and protein expressions of TNFR1.V-F treatment ameliorates TNFα-induced endothelial inflammation and oxidative stress likely via the inhibition of TNFR1 signaling, suggesting its potential as a functional food ingredient or nutraceutical in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.