催乳素
内分泌学
分泌物
内科学
垂体前叶
生物
哺乳期
催乳素细胞
垂体
刺激(心理学)
激素
多巴胺
乳腺
神经科学
医学
心理学
怀孕
乳腺癌
心理治疗师
癌症
遗传学
作者
Marc E. Freeman,B. Kanyicska,Anna Lerant,György M. Nagy
出处
期刊:Physiological Reviews
[American Physiological Society]
日期:2000-01-10
卷期号:80 (4): 1523-1631
被引量:2282
标识
DOI:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.4.1523
摘要
Prolactin is a protein hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that was originally named for its ability to promote lactation in response to the suckling stimulus of hungry young mammals. We now know that prolactin is not as simple as originally described. Indeed, chemically, prolactin appears in a multiplicity of posttranslational forms ranging from size variants to chemical modifications such as phosphorylation or glycosylation. It is not only synthesized in the pituitary gland, as originally described, but also within the central nervous system, the immune system, the uterus and its associated tissues of conception, and even the mammary gland itself. Moreover, its biological actions are not limited solely to reproduction because it has been shown to control a variety of behaviors and even play a role in homeostasis. Prolactin-releasing stimuli not only include the nursing stimulus, but light, audition, olfaction, and stress can serve a stimulatory role. Finally, although it is well known that dopamine of hypothalamic origin provides inhibitory control over the secretion of prolactin, other factors within the brain, pituitary gland, and peripheral organs have been shown to inhibit or stimulate prolactin secretion as well. It is the purpose of this review to provide a comprehensive survey of our current understanding of prolactin's function and its regulation and to expose some of the controversies still existing.
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