Bioinspired synthetic wet adhesives: from permanent bonding to reversible regulation

Nowadays, robust underwater adhesives products are highly demanded both in industrial and biomedical fields. Meanwhile, study of the underwater adhesion mechanism of natural organisms under fluid environment is necessary, which provides inspiration for engineering adhesive materials that can be used in wet environment. Scientists are committed to discovering the unique adhesion mechanisms of protein adhesives for natural organisms. Especially, recent understanding of wet adhesion mechanisms provides designable inspiration for developing novel synthetic underwater adhesives with high performance by using 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-based and coacervate-enabled strategies. Although pursuing robust interface bonding in these years, controlling the wet adhesion state with reversible/switchable feature is the latest goal for developing intelligent biomimetic adhesives, which implies important applications in multiple fields.