Amino acid metabolism in fate decision of porcine immune cells: advances and beyond

Amino acid metabolism highly contributes to the fate decision of immune cells. This article systematically reviews the metabolism of amino acids (e.g., serine, tryptophan, and glutamine) under normal physiological conditions and changes in the context of inflammatory or infectious states. Meanwhile, the effects of amino acids and their derivatives on the activation and function of immune cells are also discussed. Finally, based on the work from our laboratory and others, the future directions of amino acid metabolism in fate decision of porcine immune cells are proposed.