Engineering Aspects of Pest Control

Chapter 7 Engineering Aspects of Pest Control M. R. Gebhardt, M. R. GebhardtSearch for more papers by this author M. R. Gebhardt, M. R. GebhardtSearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):W. B. Ennis Jr., W. B. Ennis Jr.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1979 https://doi.org/10.2135/1979.introtocropprotection.c7Book Series:ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Books AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Summary Effective weed, insect, disease, and nematode control are essential for efficient crop production. Pests are controlled by mechanical, chemical, and biological methods. This chapter discusses mechanical pest control equipment and equipment used to apply chemical and biological pesticides. Many types of application equipment are available. They include ground application equipment, such as general purpose, low-pressure sprayers, granule band and broadcast applicators, fumigators, dust applicators, and orchard-type blower sprayers. Aircrafts are used to apply sprays, granules, pellets, and dust. Most pesticides are applied as liquids with sprayers. Calibration is one of the most important steps in preparing for correct pesticide application. The chapter discusses some of the principles for controlling drift. Most of the dry pesticides are applied with equipment attached to other implements, such as planters or tillage tools. Granule applicators must be calibrated in order to apply the correct amount. Mechanical methods of controlling insects are probably the most primitive of all insect control practices. Suggested Reading Bainer, Roy, R. A. Kepner, and N. L. Barger. 1955. Principles of farm machinery. John Wiley and Sons, N.Y. Google Scholar Behrens, R. 1957. Influence of various components on the effectiveness of 2,4,5-T sprays. Weeds. 5: 183–196. 10.2307/4040188 Google Scholar Bode, L. E., B. J. Butler, and C. E. Goering. 1976. Spray drift and recovery as affected by splay thickener, nozzle type, and nozzle pressure. Trans. ASAE. 19: 213–218. 10.13031/2013.35997 Web of Science®Google Scholar Bode, L. E., C. L. Day, M. R. Gebhardt, and C. E. Goering. 1973. Mechanism of trifluralin diffusion in silt loam soil. Weed Sci. 21: 480–484. 10.1017/S0043174500027557 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Bouse, L. F. 1969. Aerial-spray penetration through foliage canopies. Trans. ASAE. 12: 86–89. 10.13031/2013.38768 Google Scholar Bouse, L. F., D. G. Haile, and O. R. Kunze. 1974. Cyclic disturbance of jets to control spray drop size. Trans. ASAE. 17: 235–239. 10.13031/2013.36831 Google Scholar Byass, J. B., and G. K. Charlton. 1968. The geometry of apple trees. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 13: 358–369. 10.1016/0021-8634(68)90148-0 Google Scholar Ennis, W. B., Jr., and R. E. Williamson. 1963. Influence of droplet size on effectiveness oflow volume herbicidal sprays. Weeds. 11: 67–72. 10.2307/4040689 Google Scholar Erbach, D. C., W. G. Lovely, and C. W. Bockhop. 1976. Area-of-influence of herbicide granules. Weed Sci. 24: 170–174. 10.1017/S0043174500065693 Web of Science®Google Scholar Gebhardt, M. R., C. L. Day, C. E. Goering, and L. E. Bode. 1974. Automatic sprayer control system. Trans. ASAE. 17: 1043–1047. 10.13031/2013.37023 Google Scholar Gebhardt, M. R., C. L. Day, and K. H. Read. 1969. Metering characteristics of granular herbicides. Trans. ASAE. 12: 187–189, 194. 10.13031/2013.38794 Google Scholar Goering, C. E., L. E. Bode, and M. R. Gebhardt. 1972. Mathematical modeling of spray droplet deceleration and evaporation. Trans. ASAE. 15: 220–225. 10.13031/2013.37871 Google Scholar Hedden, O. K., F. D. Wilson, and J. P. Sleesman. 1966. Equipment for applying soil pesticides. USDA, Agric. Handb. 297. Google Scholar McKinlay, K. S., S. A. Brandt, P. Morris, and R. Ashford. 1972. Droplet size in phytotoxicity of herbicides. Weed Sci. 20: 450–452. 10.1017/S0043174500036110 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Miller, P. R., and H. McGrath. 1966. Plant diseases and nematodes. 39–48. USDA Yearbook of Agriculture. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar Rayleigh, Lord. 1892. On the instability of a cylinder of viscous liquid under capillary force. Phil. Mag. 5th series. 34 (207): 145–154. 10.1080/14786449208620301 Google Scholar Read, K. H., M. R. Gebhardt, and C. L. Day. 1968. The distribution of trifluralin in the soil with disk-harrow and power rotary cultivator. Trans. ASAE. 11: 155–158. 10.13031/2013.39359 Google Scholar Smith, D. B., C. E. Goering, S. K. Leduc, and J. D. McQuigg. 1974. Chemical application decisions based on temporal periods. Trans. ASAE. 17: 620–626. 10.13031/2013.36923 Google Scholar Splinter, W. E. 1968. Electrostatic charging of agricultural sprays. Trans. ASAE. 11: 491–495. 10.13031/2013.39447 CASGoogle Scholar Vidrine, C. G., C. E. Goering, C. L. Day, M. R. Gebhardt, and D. B. Smith. 1975. A constant pesticide application rate sprayer model. Trans. ASAE. 18: 439–443. 10.13031/2013.36606 Google Scholar Wilson, J. D., O. K. Hedden, and J. P. Sleesman. 1963. Spray droplet size as related to disease and insect control on row crops. Ohio Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Bull. 945. Google Scholar Yates, W. E., N. B. Akesson, and D. Bayer. 1976. Effects of spray adjuvants on drift hazards. Trans. ASAE. 19: 41–46. 10.13031/2013.35963 Web of Science®Google Scholar Introduction to Crop Protection ReferencesRelatedInformation