Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Formaldehyde via Bio-Electrocatalysis over Aldehyde Dehydrogenase

Formaldehyde (HCHO), as one of the prominent indoor pollutants, causes many health-related problems. Although the detection of HCHO is a widespread concern and a variety of detection methods have been continuously developed, the volatile organic chemical (VOC) interference remains to be solved. Here, we report a highly sensitive and selective method for HCHO detection, relying on the selective electrochemical oxidation of formaldehyde catalyzed by aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) on a Cu electrode. The detection signal exhibits a standard power law relationship against the analytes with a broad detection range of 10–5–10–15 M and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.46 × 10–15 M, far below the indoor safe exposure limit (about 10–9 M) for formaldehyde. In comparison to the standard spectrophotometry method, the ALDH-based electrochemical method shows a much high specificity to formaldehyde among common VOCs, such as benzene, toluene, and xylene. This simple yet effective detection technique opens up a new path for developing advanced formaldehyde sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity.