Recent innovations in Baculovirus‐insect cell expression Systems for Therapeutic Protein Production

Abstract The production of recombinant glycoproteins is pivotal for numerous therapies targeting human diseases, forming a cornerstone of the medical industry. The baculovirus‐insect cell system has emerged as a leading method for producing high‐value therapeutic glycoproteins. This system has several advantages, including rapid cultivation of insect cells, high production yields, and relatively straightforward post‐translational processing. Insect cells, being eukaryotic, have functional glycosylation pathways, offering a significant advantage over prokaryotic cells which lack these capabilities. These advantages are particularly promising for the expression and testing of post‐translational processing in de novo proteins, which are newly developed and extensively researched through AI‐based computational methods. However, challenges remain, particularly with expression levels and glycosylation modifications, which need to be addressed to optimize protein production. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the baculovirus‐insect cell expression system, highlighting progress in insect cell utilization, expression optimization, glycosylation modifications, and the production of therapeutic proteins.