Solar-assisted solid slippery surface for all-day ice free at extreme-weather

The ice accumulation on the surfaces, especially under extreme conditions, has brought a series of hazards to infrastructure, industrial and agricultural production, and daily life. Despite the fact that significant progress has been made in the field of active/passive anti-/de-icing, many daunting challenges, including extremely low-temperature anti-/de-icing, in-situ self-repairing in the subzero environment, and all-day anti-icing without extra energy consumption needed to be addressed urgently. Here, a solar energy-based, stable ice-free surface, which can maintain an ice-/frost-free state even at extreme conditions: high relative humidity of 90 ± 5%, low temperature of −80 ℃, and freezing rain impact, is reported. Notably, the prepared surface achieved an in-situ self-repairing at T ≥ -60 ℃. Moreover, in snowy weather, the surface can maintain an all-day continuous ice-free state outdoors. Therefore, the development of this surface provides a method for remaining ice-free state in various extreme environments.