Review of High-Temperature Power Electronics Converters

Power electronics converters operating at elevated temperature usually have degraded performance, such as reduced efficiency, lower noise immunity, and decreased system reliability, compared to those operating at room temperature. Nevertheless, harsh-environment applications, such as deep earth drilling, automotive, avionics, and space exploration, have been utilizing converters in high-temperature environments and are continuously pushing the temperature limits higher and higher with the advances in device technologies and converter design methodologies. This article starts with a literature study to identify the temperature dependence and the temperature limits of individual components. Then, published works about high-temperature converters are examined. Their selection of components is compared. Experimental results are analyzed to reflect on the efficacy of different component selections. Finally, since the latest published high-temperature converter was developed more than five years ago, a 1-kV input, 520-V output, 1-kW, $150$ °C-ambient-temperature-rated dc–dc converter is designed with state-of-the-art devices. Based on the literature review, and the test of the $150$ °C prototype, the main challenges of designing high-temperature power electronics converters are identified and concluded to be time-consuming, difficult, and expensive characterization of components, lack of accurate and computationally efficient models of converters, and optimizing component selection within short development time.