氢解
钯
化学
催化作用
化学选择性
芳基
组合化学
卤化物
有机化学
氚
烷基
物理
核物理学
作者
Da Zhao,Roland Petzold,Jiyao Yan,Dieter Muri,Tobias Ritter
出处
期刊:Nature
[Springer Nature]
日期:2021-12-15
卷期号:600 (7889): 444-449
被引量:101
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41586-021-04007-y
摘要
Abstract Tritium labelling is a critical tool for investigating the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs, autoradiography, receptor binding and receptor occupancy studies 1 . Tritium gas is the preferred source of tritium for the preparation of labelled molecules because it is available in high isotopic purity 2 . The introduction of tritium labels from tritium gas is commonly achieved by heterogeneous transition-metal-catalysed tritiation of aryl (pseudo)halides. However, heterogeneous catalysts such as palladium supported on carbon operate through a reaction mechanism that also results in the reduction of other functional groups that are prominently featured in pharmaceuticals 3 . Homogeneous palladium catalysts can react chemoselectively with aryl (pseudo)halides but have not been used for hydrogenolysis reactions because, after required oxidative addition, they cannot split dihydrogen 4 . Here we report a homogenous hydrogenolysis reaction with a well defined, molecular palladium catalyst. We show how the thianthrene leaving group—which can be introduced selectively into pharmaceuticals by late-stage C–H functionalization 5 —differs in its coordinating ability to relevant palladium(II) catalysts from conventional leaving groups to enable the previously unrealized catalysis with dihydrogen. This distinct reactivity combined with the chemoselectivity of a well defined molecular palladium catalyst enables the tritiation of small-molecule pharmaceuticals that contain functionality that may otherwise not be tolerated by heterogeneous catalysts. The tritiation reaction does not require an inert atmosphere or dry conditions and is therefore practical and robust to execute, and could have an immediate impact in the discovery and development of pharmaceuticals.
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