Posterior Capsulotomy Size Affects the Formation of Significant Visual Axis Opacification in Congenital and Developmental Cataract

To assess the relationship between posterior capsulotomy size and significant visual axis opacification (VAO) in congenital and developmental cataract.The charts of children aged 7 years and younger who underwent cataract surgery including primary posterior capsulotomy (PPC) and limited anterior vitrectomy between 2012 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Eyes with PPC size smaller than the anterior capsulotomy size were considered as group 1. Eyes with PPC size larger than the anterior capsulotomy size were considered as group 2. Clinical characteristics, the need for Nd:YAG laser treatment or further surgery for significant VAO, and other postoperative complications were compared between the groups.Sixty eyes of 41 children were included in the study. The median age at the time of surgery was 5.5 and 3 years in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = .076). Primary intraocular lens implantation was performed in 23 (85.2%) eyes in group 1 and 25 (75.8%) eyes in group 2 (P = .364). There was no difference between the groups in terms of postoperative visual acuity (P = .983) and refractive errors (P = .154). Eight (29.6%) pseudophakic eyes received Nd:YAG laser treatment in group 1, but none of the eyes in group 2 (P = .001). Four (14.8%) eyes in group 1 and 1 (3%) eye in group 2 underwent further surgery for VAO (P = .100). The need for further intervention for significant VAO was statistically higher in group 1 (44.4% vs 3%, P < .001).Larger PPC size in pediatric cataract may reduce the need for further intervention for significant VAO. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2023;60(6):441-447.].