Types of lymphoscintigraphy and indications for lymphaticovenous anastomosis

Several authors have reported the usefulness and benefits of lymphoscintigraphy. However, it is insufficient to indicate microvascular treatment based on lymphedema. Here, we present the relationships between lymphoscintigraphic types and indications for lymphatic microsurgery. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy was performed in 142 limbs with secondary lymphedema of the lower extremity. The images obtained were classified into five types. Type I: Visible inguinal lymph nodes, lymphatics along the saphenous vein and/or collateral lymphatics. Type II: Dermal backflow in the thigh and stasis of an isotopic material in the lymphatics. Type III: Dermal backflow in the thigh and leg. Type IV: Dermal backflow in the leg. Type V: Radiolabeled colloid remaining in the foot. Lymphaticovenous anastomosis was performed in 35 limbs. The average number of anastomoses per limb was 3.3 in type II, 4.4 in type III, 3.6 in type IV, and 3 in type V. The highest number of anastomosis was performed in type III. In conclusion, type III is suggested to be the best indication for anastomosis compared with types IV and V.