Root-knot nematodes.

This chapter covers the life cycle, behaviour, survival, cytogenetics, general morphology, post-infection development, and management and control (through cultural, physical, chemical and biological methods, and crop resistance) of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne arenaria, M. artiella, M. chitwoodi, M. exigua, M. fallax, M. graminicola, M. hapla, M. incognita, M. javanica and M. naasi); effects of root-knot nematode parasitism on the cell structure, growth and yield of host plants; biochemical and molecular identification of root-knot nematodes (protein electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction); and interactions of root-knot nematodes with plant pathogens.