Bioinspired Tilted Magnetized Flakes as a Self-Powered and Antislip Smart Outsole for Healthcare Monitoring and Human–Machine Interaction

Footwear smart devices capable of reliably capturing body actions and conveniently transmitting human-made information are of great interest to advance healthcare monitoring, human–machine interactions (HMIs), etc. while remaining challenging. Herein, we present a self-powered, antislip, and multifunctional smart outsole based on the gecko toe-inspired tilted magnetized flakes (TMFs) and underlying flexible coils. With the pressure-induced flake deflection and the built-in magnetic moment alignment, the TMF can produce a variable magnetic field to induce the voltage signals in coils for precise pressure perception and linear velocity sensing. The TMF-based smart outsole can thus serve as a real-time footwear recorder to monitor various body actions for exercise analysis and to track the abnormal landing speed for alerting potential injuries. The gecko toe-like flakes also enable the excellent antislip capability of the outsole with a much higher friction coefficient than the standard one of the low slip risk. By programming the magnetic moment alignments of the TMFs, a single-circuit outsole can further output multiple signals as encoded instructions for controlling the racing game. Along with excellent abrasion resistance and environmental immunity, the proposed outsole exhibits great potential as a convenient platform for reliable healthcare monitoring and efficient HMI.