纤维化
医学
胞外囊泡
炎症
微泡
免疫系统
血管生成
细胞外小泡
组织工程
肌成纤维细胞
生物信息学
免疫学
癌症研究
病理
生物
细胞生物学
生物医学工程
小RNA
基因
生物化学
作者
Ke Lv,Yizhuo Wang,Peng Lou,Shuyun Liu,Pingya Zhou,Li Yang,Yanrong Lu,Jingqiu Cheng,Jingping Liu
标识
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1042983
摘要
Organ fibrosis is a serious health challenge worldwide, and its global incidence and medical burden are increasing dramatically each year. Fibrosis can occur in nearly all major organs and ultimately lead to organ dysfunction. However, current clinical treatments cannot slow or reverse the progression of fibrosis to end-stage organ failure, and thus advanced anti-fibrotic therapeutics are urgently needed. As a type of naturally derived nanovesicle, native extracellular vesicles (EVs) from multiple cell types ( e.g. , stem cells, immune cells, and tissue cells) have been shown to alleviate organ fibrosis in many preclinical models through multiple effective mechanisms, such as anti-inflammation, pro-angiogenesis, inactivation of myofibroblasts, and fibrinolysis of ECM components. Moreover, the therapeutic potency of native EVs can be further enhanced by multiple engineering strategies, such as genetic modifications, preconditionings, therapeutic reagent-loadings, and combination with functional biomaterials. In this review, we briefly introduce the pathology and current clinical treatments of organ fibrosis, discuss EV biology and production strategies, and particularly focus on important studies using native or engineered EVs as interventions to attenuate tissue fibrosis. This review provides insights into the development and translation of EV-based nanotherapies into clinical applications in the future.
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