Cyclosporine-loaded micelles for ocular delivery: Investigating the penetration mechanisms

胶束 角膜 巩膜 渗透(战争) 药物输送 化学 渗透 生物物理学 聚乙二醇 药品 前药 色谱法 药理学 眼科 生物化学 有机化学 医学 工程类 水溶液 生物 运筹学
作者
Martina Ghezzi,Ilaria Ferraboschi,Andrea Delledonne,Silvia Pescina,Cristina Padula,Patrizia Santi,Cristina Sissa,Francesca Terenziani,Sara Nicoli
出处
期刊:Journal of Controlled Release [Elsevier]
卷期号:349: 744-755 被引量:35
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.019
摘要

Cyclosporine is an immunomodulatory drug commonly used for the treatment of mild-to-severe dry eye syndrome as well as intermediate and posterior segment diseases as uveitis. The ocular administration is however hampered by its relatively high molecular weight and poor permeability across biological barriers. The aim of this work was to identify a micellar formulation with the ability to solubilize a considerable amount of cyclosporine and promote its transport across ocular barriers. Non-ionic amphiphilic polymers used for micelles preparation were tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) and Solutol® HS15. Furthermore, the addition of alpha-linolenic acid was assessed. A second aim was to evaluate micelles fate in the ocular tissues (cornea and sclera) to shed light on penetration mechanisms. This was possible by extracting and quantifying both drug and polymer in the tissues, by studying TPGS hydrolysis in a bio-relevant environment and by following micelles penetration with two-photon microscopy. Furthermore, TPGS role as permeation enhancer on the cornea, with possible irreversible modifications of tissue permeability, was analyzed. Results showed that TPGS micelles (approx. 13 nm in size), loaded with 5 mg/ml of cyclosporine, promoted drug retention in both the cornea and the sclera. Data demonstrated that micelles behavior strictly depends on the tissue: micelles disruption occurs in contact with the cornea, while intact micelles diffuse in the interfibrillar pores of the sclera and form a reservoir that can sustain over time drug delivery to the deeper tissues. Finally, cornea quickly restore the barrier properties after TPGS removal from the tissue, demonstrating its potential good tolerability for ocular application.
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