Reno-Protective Effect of Fenofibrate and Febuxostat Against Vancomycin-Induced Acute Renal Injury in Rats: Targeting PPARγ/NF-κB/COX-II and AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathways

Vancomycin (VCM) is used clinically to treat serious infections caused by multi-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, although its use is severely constrained by nephrotoxicity. This study investigated the possible nephroprotective effect of febuxostat (FX) and/or fenofibrate (FENO) and their possible underlying mechanisms against VCM-induced nephrotoxicity in a rat model.