外显率
CDKN2A
种系突变
医学
黑色素瘤
遗传学
生殖系
突变
基因
癌症
癌症研究
内科学
生物
表型
作者
Julia Newton-Bishop,Mark Harland,Juliette Randerson-Moor,D. Timothy Bishop
标识
DOI:10.1016/s1470-2045(06)71010-5
摘要
Relatives of patients with melanoma are at increased risk of melanoma. We review the evidence that this risk may be attributed both to shared susceptibility genes (both high-penetrance and lower-penetrance genes) and shared environment. The most frequent high-penetrance susceptibility gene is CDKN2A, and environmental effects on the risk to gene carriers are evident in that CDKN2A penetrance is higher in CDKN2A-mutation-positive families living in Australia than those in Europe. We review the approaches to managing melanoma families, in which the likelihood of there being detectable CDKN2A mutations is positively correlated with the number of cases of melanoma in the family. Within families, risk that an individual carries a germline mutation can be estimated by pedigree analysis for autosomal dominant genes with incomplete penetrance. Prevention advice to families relates to moderation of sun exposure and self-examination of naevi, although there are few supportive data.
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