Association of coagulopathy with the risk of bleeding after invasive procedures in liver cirrhosis

Background/Aim: Bleeding risk among patients with acute or chronic liver disease after invasive procedures is a common concern in clinical practice. This retrospective study aimed to explore whether the presence of coagulopathy increased the risk of major bleeding after invasive procedures in cirrhosis.
Patients and Methods: A total of 874 cirrhotic patients underwent invasive procedures. Coagulopathy was defined as international normalized ratio (INR) ≥1.5 and/or platelets (PLTs) ≤50 × 10⁹/L. Severe thrombocytopenia was defined as PLTs ≤ 50 × 10⁹/L. Invasive procedures, major bleeding after invasive procedures, and in-hospital deaths were recorded.
Results: In all, 296 patients (33.9%) had coagulopathy. Major bleeding after invasive procedures occurred in 21 patients (2.4%). Major bleeding after invasive procedures was more frequent in patients with coagulopathy than those without coagulopathy (4.1% vs 1.6%, P = 0.023). Major bleeding after invasive procedures was more frequent in patients with severe thrombocytopenia than those without severe thrombocytopenia (4.9% vs 1.6%, P = 0.008). Incidence of major bleeding after invasive procedures was not significantly different between patients with INR ≥ 1.5 and INR < 1.5 (4.5% vs 2.0%, P = 0.065). Patients with INR ≥1.5 had a significantly higher in-hospital mortality than those with INR < 1.5 (6.4% vs 1.3%, P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Severe thrombocytopenia significantly increased the risk of major bleeding after invasive procedures in cirrhosis. INR ≥ 1.5 significantly increased in-hospital mortality.