Respiratory exercises during high altitude (HA) exposure help to maintain a better oxygen saturation (SpO2) counteracting the effects of hypoxia

缺氧(环境) 医学 高海拔对人类的影响 呼吸系统 氧饱和度 氧气 饱和(图论) 高度(三角形) 内科学 解剖 化学 几何学 数学 有机化学 组合数学
作者
Nicola Sorino,Michele Franchi,Carlotta Merlo,Federico Ballerio,Lorenza Pratali,Federico Ballerio,Emanuele Salvi,Annalisa Cogo
标识
DOI:10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa4123
摘要

Decrease in SpO2 at HA is the main cause of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and development of interstitial lung edema. Aim: to evaluate the effect of a respiratory training (RT) on SpO2, AMS and interstitial lung edema during the ascent to Regina Margherita Hut (4559 m). 16 subjects (12 M, 4 F) age 22-61 yrs, performed an 8 weeks RT, taught and supervised by Apnea Academy's instructors: 30 min/day; a sequence of inspiratory and expiratory apnea of the same duration plus 3 sets of 5 minutes of ventilation with maximal inspiration and expiration. At the end of the 8 weeks they reached a village at 1635 m and were randomized in trial (T) and control (C) group. Day 1: walk to 3498 m; Day 2: to 4167 m; Day 3: to Regina Margherita Hut and back to 1635 m. T stopped every 3 hours to perform RT. Both groups during the climb underwent: 24h SpO2 monitoring, Lake Louise Scoring System (LLS) for the diagnosis of AMS, lung ultrasound analysis to assess the presence of B lines (sign of interstitial lung edema). Results: (ANOVA repeated measures): SpO2 was significantly higher in T during both the climb and the nights through all 3 days (p<0.001). One subject in C stopped at day 1 due to severe AMS; 1 subject in C developed moderate AMS at day 2, but no significant difference was found in LLS between C and T. B lines were significantly higher in C only at Day 3 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Respiratory exercises performed during HA ascent, helps to maintain a better SpO2 during the climb and the sleep. The better oxygenation reduces the evidence of B lines after a long exposure. This is the first step of assessment of a new way to counteract HA hypoxia.

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