Microbial and Transcriptomic Landscape Associated With Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Perianal Fistulizing Crohn’s Disease

中性粒细胞胞外陷阱 转录组 失调 普雷沃菌属 拟杆菌 生物 微生物学 免疫学 医学 细菌 肠道菌群 炎症 基因 基因表达 遗传学 生物化学
作者
Dongxing Cao,Muni Hu,Nailin Yang,Keyu Qian,Jie Hong,Jian Tang,Yuhai Bian,Cheng Zhang,Xiaohui Wang,Guangyu Wu,Haoyan Chen,Ye Zhang,Wei Wang,Zhe Cui
出处
期刊:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases [Oxford University Press]
标识
DOI:10.1093/ibd/izae202
摘要

Abstract Background Perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease (pfCD) poses significant healing challenges, closely associated with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). This study aimed to investigate the microbe–host interactions influencing NETs in pfCD. Methods From January 2019 to July 2022, patients with pfCD were screened at Ren Ji Hospital. Patients in remission following comprehensive treatment were recruited. We documented clinical characteristics, medication regimens, healing outcomes, and infliximab levels in fistula tissues. NET positivity was confirmed by positive results in citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and dual immunofluorescence staining for myeloperoxidase and CitH3. Microbial and transcriptomic profiles from fistula tissues, obtained during surgery, were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and RNA sequencing. Differences in microbiome and transcriptomic profiles were evaluated, and their relationships were assessed using Mantel’s and Spearman’s coefficients. Results Significant differences in microbial communities were found between groups (P = .007). Representatively differential microbes such as Prevotella bivia, Streptococcus gordonii, and Bacteroides dorei were enriched in NETs-positive fistulas (P < .05). Functional analysis of microbes revealed reduced ubiquinol biosynthesis and butanoate production in NETs-negative fistulas (P < .05). Transcriptomic analysis indicated increased neutrophil and monocyte infiltration in NETs-positive fistulas, associated with pathways involving bacterial response, neutrophil chemotaxis, secretory processes, and peptidase activity (P < .05). Species prevalent in NETs-positive fistulas correlated positively with immune responses and wound healing pathways, whereas bacteria in NETs-negative fistulas correlated negatively. NETs were negatively associated with tissue infliximab levels (P = .001) and healing outcomes (P = .025). Conclusions Our findings reveal unique microbial and transcriptomic signatures associated with NETs in pfCD, highlighting their profound influence on clinical outcomes.
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