3D graphene‐based materials and their potential application on wastewater management

Abstract Increasing demand for pure, safe, and affordable water is one of the biggest challenges worldwide. Various pollutants such as dyes, heavy metals, bacteria, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals are present in water and their removal is the major challenge for us. In this respect, various materials have been developed to remove the various types of pollutants from wastewater. Recently, 3D graphene‐based materials (3D GBMs) have received a great deal of attention in wastewater treatment due to their extraordinary properties. The large surface area, porous structure, versatile surface chemistry with exceptional physiochemical properties such as mechanical and electrical properties, and excellent thermal and chemical stability make them excellent absorbent candidates for wastewater treatment. The materials properties of 3D graphene‐based materials (3D GBMs) and their environmental performance as well as the key parameters that influence their capacities for removal of pollutants from the wastewater have also been discussed. The aim of this review is to provide the recent progress in removing several water pollutants like dye, oil, organic solvents, heavy metal ions, bacteria, and pathogens from wastewater. Furthermore, this review also contains the future development opportunities and technical challenges of 3‐D graphene‐based materials in wastewater treatment.