Preparation of Enriched Closed-Pores Hard Carbon for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries by the Poly(vinyl butyral) Template Method

碳纤维 离子 材料科学 化学工程 化学 高分子化学 复合材料 有机化学 工程类 冶金 复合数
作者
Minggang Cheng,Lijing Xie,Zonglin Yi,Yi-Xuan Mao,Fangyuan Su,Xianxian Wei,Guohua Sun,Cheng‐Meng Chen
出处
期刊:ACS applied energy materials [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:7 (8): 3452-3461 被引量:17
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsaem.4c00331
摘要

Closed pores play an essential role in improving the performance of sodium-ion batteries. Various strategies have been proposed to increase the closed-pore ratio, but most of them face challenges related to cost and waste disposal. Here, we chose furfural as the resin precursor to synthesize the raw material and prepare enriched closed-pore hard carbon using poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) as the in situ pore-forming agent. At 450 °C, the decomposition of PVB within furfural resins leads to the formation of numerous micropores, which sets the stage for the creation of hard carbon with closed pores. The optimal hard carbon sample exhibits a low specific surface area (N2) of 10.54 m2 g–1 and a high volume of closed pores (0.090 cm3 g–1). The optimal pore structure of the hard carbon resulted in a high reversible sodium storage capacity of 367 mAh g–1 and an initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 88.5% at 30 mA g–1. Furthermore, the use of PVB as a pore-forming agent is minimal and the decomposition products are environmentally friendly. This is a practical guide for producing high-performance hard carbon.
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